Earth Day 2022

It's that time again - Earth Day. This year it's on Friday, April 22, 2022. In years past,  ARBICO has chosen to mark Earth Day by selecting a worthy local non-profit to support. Traditionally, they have been agencies that are working to protect the environment and/or offer help to people in our community. This year, however, we are doing something different. In light of what’s happening in Ukraine, we would like to turn the spotlight on people that are doing exceptional work in unbelievably awful conditions there. Specifically, those that are struggling to help to Ukraine's animals. After all, what better way to honor our Earth than to care for the living creatures that call it home?

Some of the most striking images of Ukrainian refugees have been those of people with their pets (see some of them here). In our modern world of non-stop images and soundbites, it can be easy to become desensitized to the cruelty of war but when you see someone fleeing with a beloved pet the scene suddenly becomes relatable. We can see ourselves and our pets in them and the abstract of war begins to look like something familiar. What this invasion has shown us is that war can happen to a modern 21st democracy much like our own.

The plight of animals in a war zone is not just heart-breaking and deeply sad, the violence puts aid workers in constant risk. Thankfully, there are many brave souls who are not deterred and are going over and above to save animals in ways big and small. We encourage everyone to support the International Fund for Animals in their work in Ukraine. They have been working on the ground in Ukraine since the Russian invasion of 2014 and currently have a  Disaster Response Team on the Ukrainian-Polish border. They aid refugees and their pets, source supplies for animal shelters, facilitate animal rescues from zoos and wildlife parks when possible, and so much more. One entity the Disaster Response Team  granted money and supplies to is the Ukrainian Bat Rehabilitation Center at the Ukrainian Independent Ecology in Kharkiv. For 20 years the dedicated researchers there have been studying the local bat population; but during this war-

torn spring, as the shelling increased around them, the conservationists were forced to leave their hibernating bats behind in bat-boxes. Amazingly, when the team was able to make it back to check on them, the furry little mammals had remained largely untouched by the war around them. Here’s their account of war-time bat conservation and the happy but harrowing ending to this chapter. For more links to what more emergencies that IFAW is responding to, check out the links on this page.

The bravery and commitment to animals that rescuers and caregivers have shown is astounding. Here is a video of a volunteer rescuing kangaroos and tapirs. This video is a plea from a small shelter. 

Although we are looking outside our community this year, we want to reinforce our admiration and gratitude to those agencies we have donated to on past Earth Days. Their work and the needs they address are as important now as they’ve ever been: Center for Biological Diversity, Desert Survivors, Community Food Bank of Southern Arizona and the Sonoran Institute.

Submitted by Pam

Fly Control with Fly Parasites

My mother used to say that nothing was certain but death and taxes. I’d like to amend that statement to include Arizona summer heat and summertime flies for everyone. We are all acutely aware of how annoying, disgusting  and relentless flies are and  keeping them away is never 100% effective. However, by introducing fly parasites into your world, you can make a powerful dent in their population. Here at ARBICO we pioneered the use of these invaluable insects some 40-plus years ago when the whole idea of using insects to kill insects sounded like science fiction to most people. Fast forward to 2022 and we are still raising and selling  Fly Eliminators® and  have greatly expanded our inventory of "good bugs" to include predators for the most common garden pests.

Fly parasites are non-stinging, gnat-sized wasps that use fly pupae as both a convenient sheltering place for their eggs as well as a food source for the eggs as they grow. Parasitoid wasps (aka parasitic wasps) are common in the insect world, but these particular ones are host-specific to flies. There are several species of fly parasites that are native to North America, but they are not usually present in large enough numbers to affect the fly population (which reproduces quicker and in larger numbers). The Fly Eliminators® we sell here at ARBICO are a proprietary mix of several species of these wasps, because diversity is beneficial in all parts of our world.

The world of parasitoid wasps is a ruthless and gruesome one that most people are never aware of, even though it’s happening all around us. This is because the wasps are mostly tiny insects and much of the activity is out of sight underground or out of sight within pupae. In addition, many parasitoid wasps are nocturnal. Fly parasites fall into all these categories. The females venture out under the cover of darkness and fly about a foot off the ground in search of fly pupae. Once they find the pupae, the wasp tears a hole in it and deposits as many as 10 eggs inside. She will keep moving through the fly larvae until all her eggs are gone. She can eliminate up to 100 fly pupae in her very short lifetime. As her eggs develop they will feed on the immature fly. This will eventually kill the fly, but not until the developing parasite has gleaned as much nutrition as it needs from the fly. So, they feed on it while it’s still alive in there – ruthless and gruesome.

Fly parasites hatch out of their pupae in 17-21 days, depending on temperature and other environmental factors. Flies, on the other hand, can lay five to six batches of eggs in a month (more on their lifespan here). Due to this disparity, in order to gain control of the fly situation you will need to regularly introduce the parasites to the area where flies are breeding – and in larger numbers than would normally be there. That way, there will always be a wasp ready to parasitize the next batch of fly eggs. That being said, the reproductive power of flies is such that parasites can control flies, but can’t eradicate them completely.

It’s important to remember that fly parasites are only effective against larval flies. For adult flies, you will need another source of fly control. It's also important to take measures to control or eliminate fly-friendly habitats like manure and wet areas. Check out our 4-Step Fly Control page for more information.

Will they sting me or my animals? Or swarm?

In short, absolutely not. They are too small to do harm to anything but fly pupae. Plus, and this is a big one, they do not have stingers. Although the females have an ovipositor that could conceivably be mistaken for one. These are solitary insects; they mate, lay eggs and die. That’s it. They do not form social communities like colonies or nests that need to be protected or moved (the usual reasons for swarming).

Will they get rid of all the flies? 

Fly parasites are only interested in filth-breeding flies – other flies will not be affected by these wasps. Simply put, filth flies breed and feed in manure, rotting organic matter and other sweet or smelly or sweet and smelly areas. House flies are filth flies, as are stable flies. However, the female stable flies are also blood feeders (they need it to produce viable eggs). Stable flies may be controlled by fly parasites, but it isn’t very effective for them. So, a good rule of thumb is that if flies are biting you or your animals (and drawing blood), the parasites are not a good control choice. Here's a blog I wrote last year on this subject.

Would I need specific equipment to use these beneficial insects?

Nope – fly parasites are sold commercially while they are still cocooned in the fly pupae. They are about the size of a grain of rice an usually mixed with sawdust. All you need to do is go out to where your problem flies are, kick up a little dirt, sprinkle some pupae in and cover them over lightly with dirt. You don’t want to bury them, just cover them enough so birds won’t easily find them (these cocoons are quite the treat for both wild and domestic birds).If you don’t want to touch the cocoons, you can sprinkle them directly out of the package. An even distribution will cover more ground but is not strictly necessary.

Is it safe to use these around livestock and pets?

As I mentioned before, these insects do not bite or sting and are only interested in fly pupa. They will not harm domestic animals. We get calls fairly often about dogs getting ahold of a bag and eating them; although we encourage you to keep them away from pets, a dog can eat a bagful with no serious effects .

We have several pages on our site about how to purchase and use Fly Eliminators. I encourage you to peruse them at your leisure for more information. Or call one of our specialists at 800-827-2847; they have a wealth of information to share.

 Take Care

Submitted by Pam